Relationships

A relationship compares any two values and returns a result of true or false.

They can either compare scalar values or spatial geometries.

Scalar Relationships

A scalar relationship compares any two values (boolean, integers, real numbers, dates or strings).

The result is evaluated as true or false, returning true if the values have the specified relationship.

Relationships include equal, not equal, less than, greater than etc., as well as relationships specifically for string: contains, begins with, ends with or matches a regular expression.

Types of Scalar Relationships

Scalar Relationship	Description
Equal	The two values are the same.
Not Equal	The two values are different.
Less Than	The first value is less than the second value.
Less Than or Equal	The first value is less than the second value, or the two values are the same.
Greater Than	The first value is greater than the second value.
Greater Than or Equal	The first value is greater than the second value, or the two values are the same.
Begins With	For string values, test whether the first string begins with the second string.
Ends With	For string values, test whether the first string ends with the second string.
Contains	For string values, test whether the first string contains the second string.
Regular Expression	For string values, check whether the first string matches the wild card string or Perl regular expression in the second string.

Spatial Relationships

A spatial relationship is a type of relationship only applied to geometry values. It returns true if the geometries have the specified relationship.

Any type of geometry can be passed into a spatial relationship check, but only the geometry types relevant to this spatial relationship will be tested. For example, if comparing areas, line geometries will not be tested.

Note: Some spatial relationships can be considered subsets of others. For example, Covered By is a subset of Within (if a geometry is Covered By another geometry, it is also Within that geometry).

The detailed description of each spatial relationship uses the terms interior, boundary, exterior. See Geometries for more information on these terms.

Spatial Relationships in 3D

Most of the spatial relationships in 1Integrate support 3D data, and generally have the same meaning as their 2D counterparts.

Note: Spatial relationships will behave differently if the geometry is a solid or if it is a multi-surface. for more information about full 3D data in 1Integrate, please see Full 3D Support.

Note: If you are loading 2.5D data, and not true 3D, then spatial relationships will be calculated in 2D. For example, 2.5D geometries will intersect if they intersect in 2D, regardless of height. To compare geometries in 3D they will nee to be loaded as True 3D Geometries

Types of Spatial Relationships

Spatial Relationship	Description
Beyond	Beyond checks that the geometry is at least a certain distance away from another (specified in dataset units). The order of the geometries does not matter. Note: Beyond is the opposite of Within Distance. Beyond supports 3D geometries.
Contains	Contain means that the other geometry is completely inside this line, polygon or solid (one object's boundary and interior are inside another). Note: Their boundaries are allowed to intersect, so it includes the Cover and Equal relationships. For lines the boundary means the end points, and for polygons the boundary means all inner and outer rings. The types of geometries that can contain another are: Area contains area Area containsline Area contains point Line contains line Line contains point Point contains point Solid contains solid Solid contains area Solid contains line Solid contains point Contains geometries Note: Contains is the reciprocal of Within.
Covered By	Covered By is a special case of Within. It is only true when this geometry is contained within another, and their boundaries intersect (so they share some boundary). For lines the boundary means the end points, for polygons the boundary means all inner and outer boundary rings and for solids, the boundary is the surface that makes up the shell of the solid. The types of geometries which can be covered by another are: Area covered by area Line covered by area Line covered by line Solid covered by solid Note: Covered by is the reciprocal of Covers.
Covers	Covers is a special case of Contains. It is only true when the other geometry is contained within this one, and their boundaries intersect (so they share some boundary). For lines the boundary means the end points, for polygons the boundary means all inner and outer boundary rings and for solids, the boundary is the surface that makes up the shell of the solid. The types of geometries which can cover another are: Area covers area Area covers line Line covers line Solid covers solid Note: Covers is the reciprocal of Covered By.
Cross	Two geometries Cross when a line runs across the boundary of an area, or the interior of another line. Note: At least one of the geometries must be a line. The types of geometries which can cross are: Line and line A line crosses another line if only their interiors intersect at single points (and at the same height). Area and line A line crosses a polygon geometry if its interior intersects the polygon’s interior and either of the line’s endpoints are outside the polygon. The order of the geometries does not matter. Cross geometries
Disjoint	Disjoint means that the geometries do not intersect at all (neither the boundaries nor the interiors intersect). The order of the geometries does not matter. Note: Disjoint is the opposite of Intersect. Disjoint supports 3D geometries.
Equal	Two geometries are Equal when they are identical (they have the same interior, boundary and exterior). Equal supports full 3D geometries. Geometries do not need to have the same number of vertices (as long as they follow the same path, within geometric tolerance), and lines do not need to have the same direction. Polygon boundaries do not have to use the same start/end vertex in order to be equal. Note: The order of the geometries does not matter. The types of geometries which can be equal are: Area and area Line and line Point and point Solid and solid Note: Comparing a solid with an identical physical shell will return false as the geometry types need to be the same. e.g. a solid geometry does not equal the boundary of the solid. Equal geometries
Intersect	Intersect means any sort of spatial interaction. Intersect supports full 3D geometries. It checks that either the boundaries or interiors of two geometries intersect in any way, using any of the following relationships: Equal Touches Overlap Cross Within Contains The order of the geometries does not matter. For 3D solids, if other geometry is wholly within the interior of the solid, it is deemed to intersect. Note: Intersect is the opposite of Disjoint.
Overlap	Two geometries Overlap when two lines, areas or solids partly overlay each other. Overlap supports full 3D geometries. Overlap means geometries are partly inside and partly outside each other (so does not include being contained or being equal). The types of geometries that can overlap are: Area and area A polygon overlaps another polygon if it shares some but not all of its area. Line and line A line overlaps another line if it shares some but not all of its length. Solid and solid A solid overlaps another solid if it shares some, but not all, of its volume. If a solid is contained entirely within another then they are not deemed to overlap. The order of the geometries does not matter. Overlap geometries
Touches	Touch means that the boundaries intersect but the interiors do not. Touches supports full 3D geometries. For lines the boundary means the end points, for polygons the boundary means all inner and outer boundary rings and for solids, the boundary is the surface that makes up the shell of the solid. Adjacent polygons or end-to-end lines touch. The types of geometries that can touch are: Area and area Area and line Area and point Line and line Line and point Solid and area Solid and line Solid and point The order of the geometries does not matter. Touch geometries
Within	Within means this geometry is completely inside the other, which must be a line or polygon. Their boundaries are allowed to intersect, so it includes the Covered by and Equal relationships. For lines the boundary means the end points, for polygons the boundary means all inner and outer boundary rings and for solids, the boundary is the surface that makes up the shell of the solid. The types of geometries which can be within another are: Area within area Line within area Line within line Point within area Point within line Point within point Solid within solid Area within solid Line within solid Point within solid Within geometries Note: Within is the reciprocal of Contains.
Within Distance	Within Distance checks that the geometries approach within a specified minimum distance of each other (specified in dataset units). The order of the geometries does not matter. Within Distance supports 3D geometries. Note: Within Distance is the opposite of Beyond.